During the hearing, it was explained that a detailed examination of Stiles’ brain revealed his advanced cognitive decline stemmed from Alzheimer’s, alongside chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
Du Plessis, a specialist neuropathologist at Salford Royal Hospital, stated: “In this particular situation, it is evident that Mr Stiles suffered from significant dementia, and it was this condition that ultimately led to his passing – serving as the main underlying cause of death here.
“Present as well was CTE – a condition we understand arises in individuals who experience blows to the head.
“I hold a strong conviction that the countless times he headed a football is directly responsible for triggering his CTE.”
The lead coroner put to Du Plessis: “You are affirming that the CTE which Mr Stiles undoubtedly had, on the balance of probabilities, originated from his history of heading the ball?”
He responded: “Correct. This matter is deeply layered, and it is critical to use a passing like this to underscore what we now understand – that sustained, repetitive head trauma leaves a mark on the brain.”
The coroner, formally recording the cause of Stiles’ death as Alzheimer’s disease with an advanced stage of CTE, also identified a contributing element known as “stage three limbic predominant age-related TDP-43,” in addition to cerebrovascular disease.
She went on to note: “It feels somewhat surreal to be holding this discussion on a day such as this,” in a nod to England’s World Cup semi-final clash with Argentina scheduled for later that Wednesday.
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